Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was born July 19, 1921, in New York City and died May 30, 2011, in the Bronx, New York. Yalow was a medical physicist who, along with Andrew Schally and Roger Guillemin, won the Nobel Peace Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for a technique known as radioimmunoassay (RIA). RIA is a tracing technique which allows the measurement of minute amounts of biological substances in human blood or other fluids. This technique is so precise that it can detect a teaspoon of sugar in a body of water sixty-two miles long. Originally this technique was used to study insulin levels in diabetes. Yalow’s discovery now makes it possible to diagnose many conditions at a much earlier stage and thus beginning treatment sooner.

Following are some of the notable awards Yalow has received in her lifetime:
1972 Dickson Prize
1975 AMA Scientific Achievement Award
1977 Nobel Peace Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1988 National Medal of Science

Additional information about this remarkable woman may be found at the following websites:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1977/yalow-bio.html
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/women-scientists/rosalyn-sussman-yalow.html